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三十六计法语-Les 36 stratagèmes 三十六计与人力资源管理 亨利·明茨伯格 About In-House Training 三十六计
三十六计英文
The Thirty-Six Stratagems
The Thirty-Six Stratagems is an ancient book on the art of war based on ancient
Chinese military thoughts and war experience.
The term "Thirty-Six Stratagems" had been around for quite some time before it
was more frequently used in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. And
someone observant collected information from a wide range of books and compiled
the book The Thirty-Six Stratagems. It's hard to find exactly who the author was
and when the book was composed.
The Thirty-Six Stratagems are arranged according to the names of stratagems.
There are a total of six categories of stratagems. They are: the advantageous
stratagems, the opportunistic stratagems, the offensive stratagems, the
confusion stratagems, the deception stratagems and the desperate stratagems. The
first three categories are for advantageous situations and the last three for
adverse situations. Each category contains six stratagems, so there are a total
of thirty six stratagems.
The stratagem names in the book have different origins. Some are from historical
stories, such as "Surrounding Wei and Saving Zhao"; some are from ancient
military terms, such as "Conserving Energy while Enemies are Tired Out" and
"Feigning an Attack in the East and Attacking in the West"; and some are from
idioms, such as "Sloughing off the Cicada's Shell" (meaning "false appearances
mislead the enemy.") and “Pointing at the Mulberry but Scolding the Locust
Tree“. Each stratagem name is followed by its explanation and notes. The notes
are mostly incisive statements quoted from war examples before the Song Dynasty
as well as from famous ancient strategists like Sun Wu and Wu Qi etc.
After the composition of The Thirty-Six Stratagems, it has been widely read in
the general public and the phrase "of all Thirty-Six Stratagems, fleeing is the
best" is frequently used.
I. Stratagems for the Stronger Force
The 36 stratagems were divided into six categories, depending on
situation. This division was always fluid and flexible, for the Chinese view of
war is that the situation continually changes
In modern times, the divisions are, perhaps, even less applicable. Rather than
viewing the first six stratagems as being most applicable for a stronger force
to use, perhaps it will be better to apply a descriptor to them. These
stratagems advocate ways to mis-direct the energy of others and to seize the
advantage of misdirected energy.
1.瞒天过海crossing the sea under camouflage, or
Deceive the sky to cross the sea
2.围魏救赵relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei, or
Besiege Wei to rescue Zhao
3.借刀杀人killing someone with a borrowed knife, or
Kill with a borrowed knife
4.以逸待劳waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy, or
Wait at ease for the enemy
5.趁火打劫plundering a burning house, or Loot a
burning house
6.声东击西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west, or
Make a feint to the east while attacking in the west
II. Stratagems for Two Equal Forces
These stratagems focus on immediate options that you have on
hand. Using what you already have or what exists in your environment, create
illusions, make new weapons, or form new and innovative plans. These stratagems
require that you look at your own situation with fresh eyes and that you
understand how your opponent looks at your environment and arsenal, so that you
can create convincing illusions or put old items to new uses.
7.无中生有 Create something out of nothing
8.暗渡陈仓advancing secretly by an unknown path, or
Use a well-known path to advance by a
hidden path
9.隔岸观火watching a fire from the other side of the river, or
Watch the fire burning across the river
10.笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile or
Conceal a dagger in a smile
11.李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing
or
Cut down the plum tree to save the peach
tree
12.顺手牵羊picking up something in passing or
Steal any passing goat
III. STRATAGEMS FOR DIRECT ATTACK
These are the stratagems of "mind games". Two of them focus on intimidation; two
of them focus on tempting the enemy's greed, and two of them focus on the
enemy's premises, assumptions, or morality. The section is well named as "direct
attack," for it shows that battle takes place in the mind, and direct attacks
succeed if you know how your opponent thinks.
13.打草惊蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake or
Beat the grass to startle the snake
14.借尸还魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse or
Raise a corpse from the dead
15.调虎离山luring the tiger out of his den or
Lure the tiger out of the mountain
16.欲擒故纵letting the enemy off in order to catch him or
Let the enemy off in order to snare him
17.抛砖引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things or
Hold out a brick to attract a gem
18.擒贼擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers or
To catch rebels, bring down their leader
first
IV. STRATAGEMS TO CONFUSE THE ENEMY
If you want to confuse the other guy, then you must operate with
proper and thorough method. These six stratagems all rise up from the
commander's complete knowledge of what he has on hand, what the enemy has, and
what the enemy will require in order to advance. Thus if you cannot outgun the
enemy, you may be able to starve him. If you cannot starve him, you may be able
to exhaust his other supplies. If you cannot exhaust his supplies you may be
able to send him down the wrong path, etc., etc. No matter how strong the
enemy's supplies, by attending to a systematic and thorough knowledge of the
enemy, the commander may see where the enemy has damaged himself. In this
section, two of the stratagems advocate waiting for the enemy's flaws to catch
up to him.
19.釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron or
Take away the fire from under the cauldron
20.混水摸鱼muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters or
Fish in troubled waters
21.金蝉脱壳slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada
sloughing its skin or The cicada sheds its
skin
22.关门捉贼catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route or
Bolt the door to catch the thief
23.远交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy or
Befriend a distant state while attacking a
neighbour
24.假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor or
Borrow a route to conquer Guo
V. STRATAGEMS TO GAIN GROUND
Trickery and deception are the key words for this section. Three
of the stratagems are about deceiving the enemy about his own forces and
position, and three of the stratagems are about deceiving the enemy about your
own forces and position.
25.偷梁换柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers or
Replace the beams and pillars with rotten
timber
26.指桑骂槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry or
Point at the mulberry only to curse the
locust
27.假痴不癫feigning madness without becoming insane or
Feigning foolishness
28.上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof or
Remove the ladder after the ascent
29.树上开花putting artificial flowers on trees or
Putting fake blossoms on the tree
30.反客为主turning from the guest into the host or
Host and guest reversed
VI. STRATAGEMS BEFORE THE LAST STAND
The final set of stratagems are the riskiest of the entire group,
and they require finesse and skill. These are reserved for the high stakes
gamble and can be used successfully only by experienced commanders.
31.美人计using seductive women to corrupt the enemy or
Beauty trap
32.空城计presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness or
Empty city ploy
33.反间计sowing discord among the enemy or Use
the enemy's spies to sow discord in the enemy's camp
34.苦肉计deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man or
Inflict injury on oneself to win the
enemy's trust
35.连环计coordinating one stratagem with another or
Interlocking stratagems
36.走为上decamping being the best; running away as the best choice or
He Who Runs Away Today Lives to Fight
Another Day
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